What Does An Electron ACTUALLY Look Like? - YouTube - PBS Space Time - physics - new episode

An electron is a ball of energy.As Einstein discovered in his General Theory of Relativity,bound energy also has mass.An electron's classical radius is 2.818x10 (-15)m;but its true size is 10 (-17)m,or at least 100x smaller than the classical radius.Photons are excitations of the Electromagnetic Field.Electron and Positron pairs are excitations of the Electron Field and may annihilate one another.In Quantum Field Theory,each elementary particle,such as an electron,is an excitation of its own quantum field.Quantum particles consist of waves,but when we examine a specific particle,it becomes a point.*Dr. Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist and presenter of PBS Space time and wrote this episode.

The NEW Ultimate Energy Limit of the Universe - YouTube - PBS Space Time - astrophysics - new episode

The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Soace Telescope has discovered a new energy limit for the universe.It did so while studying supermassive black holes in the early universe,finding the new energy limit is 4,000 times greater than the old one,by studying the supermassive black hole LIG-568.The supermassive black hole's accretion disk (Active Galactic Nucleus) set the new record with its brightness.Sir Arthur Eddington is considered the father of astrophysics.He was the first scientist to verify Einstein's Theory of General Relativity by observing the bending of light caused by the Sun's gravity during a solar eclipse,which General Relativity predicted.He went on to develop the Eddington Limit.This holds that the maximum luminosity a body such as a star can achieve is balanced by the star's gravity going in.The state of balance is called hydrostatic equilibrium.There is a balance of the gas pressure pushing out and the gravity pulling in.In addition,photons,which Einstein described as packets of light,bounce off of electrons,a phenomenon called Thompson's scattering.In the most massive stars,this outward pressure starts to dominate.*This episode was presented and written by the Australian astrophysicist Dr.Matt O'Dowd.

Why Quasars are so Awesome | PBS Space Time - astrophysics/cosmology

Supermassive black holes create accretion disks,or quasars,when gas is swept into the disks.Quasi-stellar radio source 3C273 was discovered by a radio telescope in Australia.Jets of material are sometimes produced by quasars that travel near the speed of light.Quasars are also called an Active Galactic Nucleus,since they are associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy.Quasars are so bright,we can see them at the edge of the universe.*Dr.Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist and the presenter,writer or co-writer of PBS Space Time.*Cosmology is the study of the origin,evolution and structures of the universe.

The Cosmic Dark Ages - YouTube - PBS Space Time - astrophysics/cosmology

Dr.Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist who presented and wrote this episode of PBS Space Time.Recombination:In the blazing heat of the Big Bang,atoms were stripped of their electrons.This was gradually reversed in the reionisation era.The first light was the Cosmic Microwave Backgoround (CMB).The first stars were formed about 150 million years after the Big Bang.Before that were the Cosmic Dark Ages.*Cosmology is the study of the origin,evolution and structures of the universe.

Can Space Time Remember? - YouTube - PBS Space Time - astrophysics - new episode

Dr.Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist and the host and writer or co-writer of PBS Space Time.

The Alchemy of Neutron Star Collisions - YouTube - PBS Space Time - astrophysics

A collision of neutron stars created some of the heavy elements found in the human body.*Dr.Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist and the presenter and writer or co-writer of PBS Space Time.

Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe - YouTube - PBS Space Time - astrophysics

Neutron stars have the strongest magnetic fields in the universe.They actually have a solid,crystalline surface and tiny subsurface mountains.Then there is nuclear spaghetti,which is the strongest substance in the universe,as it stands up to the crushing gravity of neutron stars.*Dr.Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist and the host and writer or co-writer of PBS Space Time.

Do Neutron Stars Shine In Dark Matter? - YouTube - PBS Space Time - new video - astrophysics

Neutron stars may produce the exotic Axion,a dark matter candidate.Axions can turn into the packets of light called photons.*Neutron stars have strong magnetic fields.Axions may or may not exist,but,if they do,neutron stars produce vast quantities of these dark matter particles and are cloaked in a cloud of them.*The neutron stars that are pulsars may be the source of the mysterious Fast Radio Bursts that puzzle astronomers.Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that blast out pulses of radiation at regular intervals ranging from seconds to milliseconds.Pulsars have strong magnetic fields that funnel particles accelerating to relativistic speeds,which produces two powerful beams of light.*Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921,especially for his discovery of the photoelectric effect.Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect demonstrates that light consists of quanta,or packets of light,which we now call photons.This was a pivotal contribution to the development of quantum theory.*PBS Space Time is presented and written or co-written by Dr.Matt O'Dowd,an Australian astrophysicist.

Did JWST Discover Dark Matter Stars? - YouTube - PBS Space Time - astrophysics/cosmology

The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Teslescope may have discovered a new class of objects called dark stars,which are actually very bright,bright enough for the JWST to detect them at their enormous distances,having existed just 400,000,000 years after the Big Bang.* Rules for dark matter particles to create dark stars:1.Particle cannot interact strongly with itself 2.Must have weak self-interaction 3.Must be able to annihilate each other*The self-annihilation of dark matter particles is what makes dark stars so bright.*Dark stars may have given rise to the supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies.*Dr.Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist who is the presenter and writer or co-writer of PBS Space Time.*Cosmology is the study of the origin,evolution and structures of the universe.

How Much Of The Universe Can Humanity Ever See? - PBS Space Time

Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe - PBS Space Time - Astrophysics