How Supernovas Act as Universe’s Largest Particle Accelerators - YouTube - PBS Space Time - astrophysics

In 1912,Victor Hess discovered cosmic rays,ascertaining their non-solar origin,and received a Nobel Prize for this a few decades later.Most cosmic rays come from supernovae.Enrico Fermi discovered how shock waves can send particles out at vastly higher speeds than the waves themselves travel at.A shock wave is a tsunami of both charged particles and magnetic field.Shock waves can accelerate particles to a large fraction of the speed of light.Cosmic rays are detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina and by the ISS Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) detector.*Dr.Matt O'Dowd is an Australian astrophysicist and presenter and writer or co-writer of PBS Space Time.

Caught in a Solar Storm on the Way to Mars - Sky&Telescope

Caught in a Solar Storm on the Way to Mars: A chance alignment between Earth and a Mars-bound spacecraft has given us a rare glimpse at the motions of high-energy particles from the Sun.